Краудфандинг – одна з можливостей швидко знайти кошти на фінансування власного проєкту. Він базується на спеціальних онлайн-платформах і має потенціал об’єднувати різних людей для досягнення спільної мети. Як працює краудфандинг в Україні і як започаткувати власну компанію?
Що таке краудфандинг?
Краудфандинг – це використання невеликих сум капіталу від великої кількості людей для фінансування нового проєкту. Зібрати кошти можна на інноваційну бізнес-ідею, соціальне підприємство чи культурний перформанс. Краудфандинг використовує легкий доступ до широких мереж людей через соціальні медіа та спеціалізовані вебсайти. Офіційно краудфандинг був започаткований у 1997 році, коли британський співак звернувся до своїх фанів з закликом профінансувати його тур, але справжній старт цього руху припав на 2006-2008 роки.
Ключовим поняттям краудфандингова є спеціалізована платформа — інтернет-майданчик, на якому засновники представляють свою ідею та збирають кошти. Юридичними питаннями, організацією спілкування авторів з потенційними інвесторами та просуванням проєкту займаються власники ресурсу, які отримують за це невелику частку зібраних коштів. Найбільш відомими та популярними у світі вважаються Kickstarter, IndieGoGo, GoFundMe, Kiva, RocketHub та інші.
Двома основними моделями краудфандингу є:
- «Все або нічого» – власники проєкту отримують гроші лише у тому випадку, якщо вони змогли зібрати 100% суми проєкту. Якщо фінансування виявилось нижче цієї відмітки – кошти повертаються інвесторам;
- гнучка модель – власники отримують гроші, коли проєкт зміг зібрати певний відсоток від заявленої суми, найчастіше не менш п’ятдесяти відсотків.
Краудфандинг в Україні
До краудфандингу в нашій країні ставляться з деякою часткою скепсису. Попри це, ми також маємо успішний досвід збору коштів на соціальні проєкти та стартапи. Найбільш популярними платформами є Спільнокошт (Велика Ідея), RazomGo, GoFundEd, StartEra, Ulule тощо.
Наприклад, щоб зібрати кошти на ресурсі Спільнокошт (biggggidea.com) засновнику проєкту необхідно:
- підготувати ідею для презентації;
- заповнити коротку заявку на сайті;
- пройти модерацію;
- підписати з ресурсом договір співробітництва;
- підготувати всі необхідні матеріали;
- запустити компанію.
Особливостями ресурсу Спільнокошт є те, що сайт не просуває проєкти через засоби масової інформації чи соціальні мережі – цим треба займатись авторам. На збір коштів можна витратити від п’ятнадцяти до ста календарних днів, а гранична сума складає 50% від загального бюджету проєкту.
Плюси використання краудфандингу для фінансування проєктів
Головними перевагами краудфандингу є:
- цільове призначення зібраних коштів;
- можливість фінансування соціальних та бізнес-проєктів;
- фінансова прозорість;
- доступність для широкого кола користувачів;
- відсутність мінімального порогу для участі;
- простота в користуванні.
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